Jurisprudence and Juristic Principles

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Praying in congregation is twenty-seven degrees better than praying alone."

Yahya ibn ‘Umārah al-Māzini reported: I witnessed 'Amr ibn Abi Hasan asking 'Abdullah ibn Zayd about the ablution of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), so he asked for a vessel of water and performed ablution like that of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in front of them. He poured water from the vessel on his hand, washing his hands thrice. Then, he put his hand inside the vessel, rinsed his mouth, sniffed water, and blew it out with three handfuls. He put his hand in the water again and washed his face thrice. Then, he washed his hands twice up to the elbows, after which he put his hand in the water and wiped over his head, bringing them to the front and the back of his head once. Then, he washed his feet up to the ankles.

Ibn Shumāsah al-Mahri reported: We went to ‘Amr ibn al-Āas (may Allah be pleased with him) when he was on his death bed. He wept for long and turned his face to the wall. His son kept saying: "O Father, didn't the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) give you the glad tidings of such-and-such? Didn't the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) give you the glad tidings of such-and-such?" He turned his face and said: "The best thing that we can prepare is the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Verily, I have passed through three stages. I remember myself when I hated the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) more than anyone else and I wished for nothing more than killing him. Had I died in that state, I would have surely been from the dwellers of the Fire. When Allah instilled the love for Islam in my heart, I went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: 'Stretch out your right hand so that I may pledge allegiance to you.' He stretched out his right hand, but I withdrew my hand. He said: 'What is the matter, ‘Amr ?' I replied: 'I wish to stipulate a condition.' He asked: 'What is your condition?' I said: 'That I would be forgiven.' He said: 'Are you not aware that Islam wipes out all (sins) that preceded it, and that Hijrah wipes out all (sins) that preceded it, and that Hajj wipes out all (sins) that preceded it?' Thereafter, no one was dearer to me than the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) nor was there anyone more revered in my eyes than him. I could never bring myself to catch a full glimpse of his face out of respect for him. If I were asked to describe his features, I would not be able to because I have never fully looked at him. Had I died in that state, I could have hoped to be from the dwellers of Paradise. Thereafter, we were made responsible for many things and in the light of which I am unable to know what is in store for me. When I die, let neither wailing woman nor fire accompany me. When you bury me, throw the earth gently over me, then stand around my grave for the time within which a camel is slaughtered and its meat is distributed so that I may find relief in your company and prepare what answer I can give to the messengers of my Lord."

Mu‘ādhah reported: I asked ‘Ā’ishah: Why does the menstruating woman make up for her missed fasts but does not make up for the missed prayers? She said: Are you a Harūriyyah woman? I said: I am not a Harūriyyah woman, but I am just asking. She said: That would happen to us, so we were ordered to make up for the fasts, but were not ordered to make up for the prayers.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb came cursing the disbelievers of Quraysh after the sun had set on the Day of the Trench, and he said: "O Messenger of Allah, I could not offer the ‘Asr prayer till the sun had set." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah! I have not yet prayed it either." So we went to But-hān, and he performed ablution and so did we, and then he offered the ‘Asr prayer after the sun had set and then followed it with the Maghrib prayer.

Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib reported that he and his father were with Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh, who had some people sitting with him. They asked him about the ritual bath. He replied: "One Sā‘ of water is sufficient for you." A man said: "It is not sufficient for me." Thereupon, Jābir said: "It was sufficient for someone who had more hair than you and was better than you (meaning the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him)." Then, Jābir led them in prayer while wearing one garment. In another narration: "The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to pour water over his head thrice.”

Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while he was cleansing his mouth with a ripe tooth-stick. The edge of the tooth-stick was on his tongue and he was making a sound like: “ugh, ugh” as if he was heaving, and the tooth-stick was in his mouth.”

‘Ammār ibn Yāsir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent me on an errand, and I became Junub (in a state of major ritual impurity) and could not find water. So, I rolled in the dirt like an animal and then came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and told him about it. He said, "It was sufficient for you to do this with your hands." Then, he struck the ground once with his hands, then wiped the right hand with the left one, the back side of his hands and his face.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: At the time of the battle of Uhud, my father called me at night and said: "I have a feeling that I will be the first to be killed from among the Prophet's Companions. I am going to leave none behind dearer to me than you except the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Indeed, there is a debt that I have to pay off, so pay it off on my behalf, and take good care of your sisters." In the morning, he was the first to be killed. I buried with him another man in the same grave. I did not feel good about leaving him buried with another. So, I got him out of his grave six months later, and found him the same as the day I put him therein, except for his ear. Then, I placed him in a grave where he was buried alone.

Ziyād ibn Jubayr reported: I saw Ibn ‘Umar passing by a man who had made his camel kneel down so as to slaughter it. Ibn ‘Umar said: "Slaughter it while it is standing with one leg tied up, as this is the Sunnah of Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him)."

Abu Shurayh Khuwaylid ibn ‘Amr al-Khuzā‘i and Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah, I declare strictly inviolable the rights of the two weak ones: the orphan and the woman."

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to recline in my lap and recite the Qur'an during my menstruation.

Tāriq ibn Shihāb al-Bajali al-Ahmasi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man, who was set for travel, asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): ''Which type of Jihad is better?'' He replied: "A word of truth said to a despotic ruler."

Hafsah, one of the Prophet's wives, reported that she said: "O Messenger of Allah, how come the people have ended their state of Ihrām for ‘Umrah while you have not?" He said: "I have applied to my hair that which would make it matted and marked my sacrificial animal, and I will not end my Ihrām until I slaughter."

Jarīr ibn ‘Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I gave the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) a pledge to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to pay Zakah, to hear and obey, and to give sincere advice to every Muslim.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer the Zhuhr prayer at the time of intense heat, and the ‘Asr prayer at the time when the sun was clear, and the Maghrib prayer when its time was due, and as for the ‘Ishā' prayer, he would sometimes hasten to offer it when he saw them already gathered, and at other times he would delay it when they had not gathered yet. As for the Fajr prayer, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer it at the time when darkness at the end of the night mixed with the faint light of the morning.

Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took his hand and said: "O Mu‘ādh, by Allah, I do love you," and he added: "I advise you, O Mu‘ādh, never fail to say after each prayer: Allāhumma a‘inni ‘ala dhikrika wa shukrika wa husni ‘ibādatik (O Allah, help me remember You, thank You, and excellently worship You)."

Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I stayed overnight in the house of my aunt Maymūnah. When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) stood to perform Prayer at night, I joined him and stood on his left. He then took me by the head and made me stand on his right.

’Umm Qays bint Mihsan (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: That she brought her small son, who had not yet eaten solid food, to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) seated him on his lap, and he (the child) urinated on his garment. So the Prophet (ﷺ) called for some water, sprinkled it over the affected area, and did not wash it.

Abu Juhayfah Wahb ibn ‘Abdullāh As-Suwā'i (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) when he was in a red leather tent. Bilāl stepped out with ablution water (that was left over from the Prophet's ablution). There were people who managed to get some of it (seeking its blessing), whereas others just received a sprinkle of it. Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came out wearing a red garment. It is as if I am looking right now at the whiteness of his legs. He performed ablution and Bilāl called the Adhān (the call to prayer). I kept watching the movement of his mouth (as he turned) to this side and that side and he said to the right and to the left: "Come to prayer, come to success!" Then a spear was fixed for him (in the ground). He stepped forward and performed two Rak‘ahs for the Zhuhr prayer, and he did not stop performing two Rak‘ahs until he returned to Madīnah.