Jurisprudence and Juristic Principles

Abu Qatādah al-Hārith ibn Rib‘i (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) stood up among his Companions and said: "Jihad for the cause of Allah and faith in Allah are the most virtuous of actions." A man stood up and said: "O Messenger of Allah, inform me, if I am killed for the cause of Allah, will my sins be forgiven?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes, if you are killed for the cause of Allah while you are patient, hopeful of the reward, and advancing forward without retracing (while fighting)." Then he said: "What was your question?" He inquired again: "Inform me, if I am killed for the cause of Allah, will all my sins be forgiven?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) replied: "If you remained patient and hopeful of the reward and fought without turning your back to the enemy. Everything (of your sins will be forgiven) except debt. Jibrīl told me this."

Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) bought a camel from him, and he weighed out (the price) and paid him more than his due.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Support your brother whether he is an oppressor or oppressed." A man said: O Messenger of Allah, I support him if he is oppressed, but how should I support him if he is an oppressor? He said: "Stop—or prevent—him from oppression. This is indeed supporting him."

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, silk is worn by him who has no share." According to the version of Al-Bukhāri: "... who has no share in the Hereafter."

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: "On the Day (of the battle) of Khaybar, some of the Companions of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came and remarked: So-and-so is a martyr and so-and-so is a martyr. When they came to a man and said: So-and-so is a martyr, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Nay, I saw him in the Fire because of a mantle – or a cloak – that he had taken without right (from the war spoils)."

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to sleep at the beginning of the night and rise at its end to pray.

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that she said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have two neighbors, so which one of them should I give a gift to?" He said: "The one whose door is the nearest to you."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, which charity earns the greatest reward?" He said: "That you give charity when you are healthy and miserly, fearing poverty and hoping to become rich. Do not delay (charity) until your soul reaches up to the throat and you then say: 'This is for so-and-so, and this is for so-and-so.' Lo, it has already come into the possession of so-and-so."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) was the richest man among the Ansār in Madīnah, in terms of his ownership of date palms. And his most beloved property was (his date-palm garden known as) Bayrahā’. It was opposite the mosque, and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) often entered it and drank from its fresh water. When this verse was revealed: {Never will you attain the good (reward) until you spend (in the way of Allah) from that which you love} [Sūrat Āl-‘Imrān: 92], Abu Talhah came to the Messenger of Allah and said: "O Messenger of Allah, Allah revealed to you {Never will you attain the good (reward) until you spend (in the way of Allah) from that which you love}, and my most beloved possession is Bayrahā’. I have given it in charity in the way of Allah, hoping to earn its reward from Him, so spend it, O Messenger of Allah, as Allah shows you." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Well-done! That is a profitable deal! That is a profitable deal! I heard what you said: and I suggest that you give it to your nearest relatives." So Abu Talhah said: "I shall do that, O Messenger of Allah", and he distributed it amongst his closest relatives and his paternal cousins.

‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took silk in his right hand and gold in his left hand and then lifted them with his hands and said: "Theseits women."

Abu Mas‘ūd Al-Badri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man invited the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to a meal that he prepared for him and four others. A man followed them, and when he arrived at the door, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said (to the host): "This man followed us. If you wish, allow him to come in, and if you wish, he will go back." He (the host) said: "O Messenger of Allah, I admit him."

Ka‘b ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I saw the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) eating with three fingers, and when he finished eating, he would lick them.

‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Breastfeeding produces the same interdiction that childbirth produces."

An-Nu'mān ibn Bashīr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say, as An-Nu'mān dropped his two fingers to his ears: "Verily, the lawful is clear, and the unlawful is clear, and between them are doubtful matters many people do not know. Whoever avoids doubtful matters clears his liability regarding his religion and his honor, and whoever falls into doubtful matters will fall into the unlawful, just like the shepherd who grazes his animals in the vicinity of a prohibited pasture and is thus likely to graze therein. Verily, every king has a protected area, and the protected area of Allah is His prohibitions. Verily, in the body, there is a piece of flesh; if it is sound, the entire body will be sound, and if it is corrupt, the entire body will be corrupt; verily, that is the heart."

Shaddād ibn Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: There are two things which I learned by heart from the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him); he said: "Verily, Allah has enjoined kindness in all things. So, when you kill, kill with kindness; and when you slaughter, slaughter with kindness. Let one of you sharpen his blade and spare the animal he slaughters from suffering."

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Whoever fasts a day in the way of Allah, Allah will keep his face away from the Fire seventy falls."

Sahl ibn Sa‘d (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "People will continue to be good as long as they hasten to break the fast."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey, and some of us were fasting and others were not. We stopped to rest in some place on a hot day. The one who had the largest share of shade among us was the one who had a garment. Some of us would shade themselves against the sun using their own hands. Those who were fasting fell to the ground, but those who were not fasting got up to pitch the tents and water the animals. Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Those who were not fasting today have taken all the reward."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered Makkah in the Year of the Conquest wearing a helmet on his head. When he took it off, a man came to him and said: "Ibn Khatal is hanging on to the drapes of the Ka‘bah." So he (the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Kill him."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "None of you should fast on Friday, unless he fasts a day before it or a day after it."