Jurisprudence and Juristic Principles

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) appointed Ibn Umm Maktūm as his successor to lead the people in prayer, and he was blind.

‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib and Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When one of you joins the prayer and finds the Imām in a certain position, he should do what the Imām is doing."

’Umm ‘Atiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: One of the daughters of the Prophet (ﷺ) passed away, so the Prophet (ﷺ) went out and said: "Wash her three times, or five times, or more if you find that necessary. Wash her with water and Sidr (ground lote leaves), add camphor—or a pinch of camphor—to water in the last time, and let me know when you finish." She said: When we finished, we told him, so he gave us his lower garment and said: "Let it be the first thing you shroud her in." She said: We plaited her hair into three braids.

As-Sā’ib ibn Yazīd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was taken to perform pilgrimage with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) in the Farewell Pilgrimage, when I was seven years old.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) performed Hajj on the back of a camel, and the same mount was carrying his baggage as well.

Salmān al-Fārisi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Observing Ribāt (guarding the Muslim frontiers) for a day and a night is better than fasting and standing for night prayer for a whole month. If a person dies (while performing Ribāt), he will receive the reward for his righteous deeds perpetually, will receive his provision, and will be saved from the trials of the grave."

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to a woman from the Ansār—Ibn ‘Abbās named her, but I forgot her name—"What prevented you from performing Hajj with us?" She said: We only had two camels, and the father of her son and her son performed Hajj on one camel and left us a camel to carry water on. He said: "Perform ‘Umrah when Ramadan comes, for ‘Umrah in it is equivalent to Hajj."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to observe I‘tikāf during each Ramadan for ten days. The year in which he died, he observed I‘tikāf for twenty days.

‘Ukkāzh, Mijannah, and Dhū al-Majāz were markets in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance. They considered it a sin to trade during the seasons. So, {There is no blame upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord} [Al-Baqarah: 198] was revealed concerning the Hajj seasons.

Fadālah ibn ‘Ubayd, Salmān Al-Fārisi, and ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The actions of every dead person come to a halt except the one who is garrisoned on the frontier in the way of Allah. His deeds will keep growing till the Day of Judgment, and he will be secure from the trial in the grave."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Whoever performs Hajj without engaging in rafath (sexual relations or obscene speech) or sinning will return like the day his mother gave birth to him."

‘Ā’ishah, Mother of the Believers, (may Allah be pleased with her) reported saying: O Messenger of Allah, we consider Jihad the best deed; should we not perform Jihad? He said, "No; rather, the best Jihad is Mabrūr (accepted) Hajj."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A Muslim man went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while he was in the mosque and called him, saying: "O Messenger of Allah, I have committed adultery." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) turned his face away from him. So, the man came round (from the other side) towards his face and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have committed adultery." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) again turned his face away from him, until the man did this four times. When he testified four times that he had done so, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) called him, saying: "Do you suffer any form of insanity?" The man replied: 'No.' The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then asked him: "Are you married?" The man answered: 'Yes.' The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said (to his Companions): "Take him away and stone him (to death)." Ibn Shihāb said: "Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abdur-Rahmān informed me that he heard Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh say: ‘I was one of those who stoned him. We stoned him at the place of prayer. When the stones hurt him, he ran away. We caught him in Al-Harrah and stoned him (to death).'"

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) arranged for a horse race among the horses that had been especially prepared for that purpose to take place between Al-Hafyā' and Thaniyyat al-Wadā‘, and for the horses which had not been prepared from Thaniyyat al-Wadā‘ to the mosque of Banu Zurayq. Ibn ‘Umar said: "I was one of those who took part in that horse race." Sufyān, a sub-narrator, said: "The distance between Al-Hafyā' and Thaniyyat al-Wadā‘ is five or six miles, and between Thaniyyat al-Wadā‘ and the mosque of Banu Zurayq, there is one mile."

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Allah gathers the first and the last on the Day of Judgment, a banner will be raised for every traitor, and it will be said: This is the betrayal of so-and-so, the son of so-and-so."

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) consulted the people about a woman who was caused to miscarry. Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah said: "I witnessed the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) passed a rule that a slave, male or female, be given as blood money." ‘Umar said: "Bring me someone to testify along with you." So, he brought Muhammad ibn Maslamah, who testified with him.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubādah sought a ruling from the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) concerning a vow that was due upon his mother, who had died before she fulfilled it. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fulfill it on her behalf."

Salamah ibn al-Akwa‘ (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "A spy from among the polytheists came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while he was on a journey. The spy stayed with the Prophet's Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) and talked to them, and then he left. Thereupon, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Go in pursuit of him and kill him.' I killed him, and the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave me his belongings (as an extra share)." According to another Hadīth, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Who killed the spy?" They (the Companions) said: "Ibn al-Akwa‘." He said: "All the belongings of the killed man are for him (Salamah)."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Two women from the Hudhayl tribe fought each other. One of them threw a stone at the other, killing her along with what was in her womb. They brought their case to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), who gave judgment that a male or female slave of the best quality should be given as blood money for her unborn child. He decided that the blood money of the killed woman should be paid by the other woman's male relatives on the father's side. He made her children and those who were with them among her heirs. Hamal ibn Mālik ibn An-Nābighah al-Hudhali said: "O Messenger of Allah, how should I be fined for one who has not drunk, eaten, spoken, or raised his voice with crying upon childbirth? Such an offense should be overlooked." Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Definitely, this man belongs to the diviners," given his use of rhymed phrases.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A girl was found with her head crushed between two stones. They asked her: "Who did that to you? Is it so-and-so, or so-and-so?" They kept mentioning names until they mentioned the name of a Jew, whereupon she nodded her head. The Jew was captured, and he confessed. Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that his head be crushed between two stones. In another narration by Muslim and An-Nasā'i: "A Jew killed a girl for her jewelry, so the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) killed him in retaliation for her."