Jurisprudence and Juristic Principles

Abu Hurayrah and Zayd ibn Khālid al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the unmarried bondmaid who fornicates, and he replied: "If she commits fornication, then flog her; if she commits fornication again, flog her again; and if she commits fornication again, flog her and sell her even for a rope." Ibn Shihāb said: "I am not sure whether the order to sell her is after the third or the fourth time."

Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about a man who fights out of valor, fights out of chauvinism, and fights out of ostentation. Which one of them is in the cause of Allah? The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever fights so that the word of Allah be supreme is indeed in the cause of Allah."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf and Az-Zubayr ibn al-‘Awwām (may Allah be pleased with both of them) complained of lice to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) during one of the battles, and so he granted them a concession to wear a silk shirt, and I saw them wearing that.

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sacrificed two black and white horned rams, which he slaughtered with his hand, as he mentioned Allah's name and said: "Allāhu Akbar" (Allah is the Most Great), and put his foot on their necks.

Abu Ayyūb al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A single journey undertaken in the early morning or in the evening in the cause of Allah is better than whatever the sun rises and sets upon.” Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A single journey undertaken in the early morning or in the evening in the cause of Allah is better than the entire world."

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Khālid ibn al-Walīd and I went to the apartment of Maymūnah along with the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), and there was presented to him a roasted lizard. As the Messenger stretched his hand towards It, some of the women who had been in the house of Maymūnah said: "Inform the Messenger of Allah about what he intends to eat." The Messenger lifted his hand. I said: "O Messenger of Allah, is it forbidden?" He said: "No. Yet it is not found in the land of my people, and I feel that I have no liking for it." Khālid said: "I then chewed and ate it, while the Messenger was looking."

Zahdam ibn Mudarrib al-Jarmi reported: We were hosted by Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) and he asked for the food to be served and it had chicken meat in it. A man from Banu Taymullāh entered. His complexion was red and he looked like the non-Arabs. He said to him: "Come and join us." The man, however, showed reluctance. Abu Mūsa said: "Come on, for I saw the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) eating it."

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was once informed that so-and-so sold alcohol. ‘Umar said: "May Allah destroy so-and-so! Does he not know that the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘May Allah destroy the Jews; the fat of animals was forbidden for them, but they melted it and sold it'?"

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Sulaymān ibn Dawūd (peace be upon him) said: 'I will indeed have sexual intercourse with seventy women at night, and each one of them will give birth to a child who will fight in the cause of Allah.' It was said to him: 'Say: Allah willing!' But he did not do so. He had intercourse with them all, but none of them gave birth, except for one woman who gave birth to half a person." Upon this, the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If he had said, 'Allah willing,' he would not have failed in his oath, and his desire would have been fulfilled."

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils, allotting two shares to the horse and one share to the man.

Ka‘b ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I would like to give all of my wealth as a charity for the sake of Allah and His Messenger to make my repentance fully approved." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Keep some of your wealth, for this is better for you."

‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever takes a false oath to deprive a Muslim person of his property unlawfully, will meet Allah while He is angry with him." He said: Al-Ash‘ath said: By Allah, this was about me. I shared some land with a Jewish man. When he denied me my right, I complained against him to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "Do you have any proof?" I said: No. So he said to the Jew: "Swear an oath." I said: O Messenger of Allah, he will swear an oath and seize my property. So, Allah Almighty revealed: {Those who trade the covenant of Allah and their oaths for a small price...} to the end of the verse.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to grant some of those whom he sent in a detachment a special share of the war booty, beyond what he would grant members of the army in general.

‘Umar ibn Al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The property of Banu An-Nadīr was among what Allah, the Almighty, bestowed upon His Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) as spoils for which the Muslims did not have to fight, neither on horses nor on camels. It belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). So, he put aside his family’s expenses for one year from it and whatever left was spent on horses and weapons (for fighting) in the cause of Allah.

Rāfi‘ ibn Khadīj (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in Dhul-Hulayfah when the people were struck by hunger. They got camels and sheep as war booty. He said: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was at the rear. They hurried and slaughtered the animals and set up the pots. So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the pots should be overturned. Then he distributed, deeming ten sheep equal to one camel. One of the camels fled, and the people ran after it till they were exhausted. There were only a few horses with them. A man, thus, threw an arrow at the camel, and Allah caused it to stop. Then he said: "These animals have instincts like those of the wild beasts, so if you lose control over one of them, treat it in this way." He, i.e., Rāfi‘, said: We hope—or we fear—to meet the enemy tomorrow, and we have no knives; can we slaughter with reeds? He said, "Whatever causes the blood to flow, and the name of Allah is mentioned over it, then eat it, except for teeth and claws. I will tell you about this: as for teeth, they are bones, and as for claws, they are the knives of the Abyssinians."

Abu Burdah al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "No one should be flogged more than ten lashes except when it comes to one of the limits set by Allah."

‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Abu Bakrah reported: My father wrote, or I wrote on his behalf, to his son ‘Ubaydullāh ibn Abu Bakrah, a judge in Sijistan, saying: "Do not judge between two people while being in a state of anger, for indeed I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Let no one judge between two people while being angry.'" Another narration reads: "Let no judge pass judgment between two people while being angry.”

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If a man – or someone – peeped at you without your permission and you threw a pebble at him that gouged out his eye, you would not be at fault."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No one is wounded in the way of Allah except that he comes on the Day of Judgment with his wound bleeding; the color is that of blood, and the smell is that of musk."

‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever frees his share of a common slave and he has sufficient money to free him completely, should let its price be estimated by a just man and give his partners the price of their shares and manumit the slave; otherwise (i.e. if he has not sufficient money) he manumits the slave partially."