Jurisprudence and Juristic Principles

Asmā' (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: A woman came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "If anyone of us gets menses in her garment, what should she do?" He replied: "She should scrape it, rub it with water, and wash it, and then she may pray in it."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Khawlah bint Yasār (may Allah be pleased with her) came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have only one dress and I menstruate in it. What should I do?" He said: "When you are purified, wash it and pray in it." She asked: "What if the blood is not removed?" He said: "It is enough for you to wash the blood, and there is nothing wrong with its mark."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Were it not that I would cause difficulty for my followers, I would command them to use the tooth-stick with every prayer.”

‘Abd Khayr reported: ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us after he had prayed. He asked for water and we said: "What is he going to do with the water as he has (already) prayed? He only wants to teach us." A container of water and a basin were brought to him. He poured some water onto his right hand and washed his hands three times. Then he rinsed his mouth and nose three times, using the hand with which he took the water. Then he washed his face three times and he washed his right arm three times and his left arm three times. Then he put his hand in the container and wiped his head once. Then he washed his right foot three times and his left foot three times. Then he said: 'Whoever wanted to learn how the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution, this is it.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If any of you wakes up from his sleep, let him blow water out of his nose three times, as the devil spends the night on his nostrils."

Laqīt ibn Sabirah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was the leader of or among the delegation of Banu al-Muntafiq that came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). When we arrived, we did not find him in his house. We found ‘Ā’ishah, the Mother of the Believers, there. He said: She ordered that a dish called Khazīrah be prepared for us, and it was. He said: And a tray containing dates was presented to us. Then, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came and asked: "Has anything been served to you or ordered for you?" He said: We replied: Yes, O Messenger of Allah. He said: While we were sitting in the company of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), a shepherd suddenly drove his herd of sheep to their fold. He had with him a newly-born lamb that was crying. He (the Prophet) asked him: "What did it bear, O so-and-so?" He replied: An ewe. He said: "Slaughter for us a sheep in place of it." Then, he said: "Do not think that we are slaughtering it for you. We have one hundred sheep and we do not want their number to increase. So, whenever an ewe is born, we slaughter a sheep in its place." He said: I said: O Messenger of Allah, I have a wife who has something (wrong) in her tongue, i.e., she is foul-mouthed. He said: "Then divorce her." I said: O Messenger of Allah, we have been together for a long time, and I have children from her. He said: "Then, command her," meaning: advise her. "If there is goodness in her, she will comply. And do not beat your wife as you beat your slave-girl." I said: O Messenger of Allah, tell me about ablution. He said: "Perform ablution thoroughly, pass your fingers through each other, and sniff water well into your nose unless you are fasting."

Hassān ibn Bilāl reported: I saw ‘Ammār ibn Yāsir perform ablution, and he ran his fingers through his beard. It was said to him (or he said: "I said to him"): "Do you run your fingers through your beard?" He replied: "What is there to prevent me if I have seen the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) run his fingers through his beard?"

‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd reported that two-thirds of a Mudd were brought to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and he began rubbing his arm.

‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he saw the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) perform ablution; he rinsed his mouth thrice and blew water out of his nose thrice. He then washed his face thrice and his right and left forearms thrice, then he took more water and wiped over his head, and then he washed his feet until he cleaned them.

Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution and passed a wet hand on his forelock, over the turban, and over the two leather socks.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to run the water around his elbows while performing ablution.

Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The prayer of a person who does not perform ablution is invalid, and the ablution of a person who does not mention the name of Allah is invalid."

Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb said to me: A man performed ablution and left a small part on his foot equal to the size of a nail unwashed. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw that and said: "Go back and perform your ablution properly." He performed it again and prayed.

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to take a ritual bath with one Sā‘ up to five Mudds, and he used to perform ablution with one Mudd.

‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were entrusted with the task of tending the camels. When I returned from my shift in the evening, I found the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) standing and addressing the people. I heard him saying: "There is no Muslim who performs ablution well and then stands and prays two Rak‘ahs while focused on them with his heart and his face, except that Paradise will be guaranteed for him." I said: "What a fine thing this is!" Thereupon, I heard someone in front of me saying: "What he said before it was even finer." I looked and it was ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb, who said: "I see that you have just come." He said: "If anyone of you performs ablution thoroughly and then says, 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the servant and Messenger of Allah', the eight gates of Paradise will be opened for him and he may enter from whichever of them he wishes."

‘Abd Khayr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "If the religion was based on reason, the wiping over the sock would be done underneath rather than the on the top. However, I saw the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) wiping over the top of his leather socks."

Thawbān (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) dispatched an expedition, but they came across cold weather. When they returned to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) he ordered them to wipe over their turbans and socks.

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If any of you makes ablution and puts on his leather socks, let him pray while having them on, and let him wipe over them without taking them off, if he wishes, except in the state of Janābah (major ritual impurity)."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that during the Prophet's lifetime, the Companions used to wait for the ‘Ishā' prayer so much so their heads were lowered down (by dozing). They would then pray without performing (a new) ablution.

‘Urwah reported that ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: “The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) kissed some of his wives, and then went out for prayer without making ablution.” ‘Urwah said to her: "Who is she, if not you?" So she laughed.