Jurisprudence and Juristic Principles

Talq ibn ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and a man, who seemed to be a Bedouin, came forward and said: "O Prophet, what do you say regarding the man who touches his penis after making ablution?" The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Is it not but a piece of him." Or he said: "a part of him."

‘Urwah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I once entered upon Marawān ibn al-Hakam, and we discussed the things that, if one does them, he needs to make ablution (ablution). Marawān said: "And touching the penis?" I said: "I do not know about that." Marawān said: "Busrah bint Safwān told me that she heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Whoever touches his penis should make ablution.'"

Jābir ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): "Should I perform ablution after eating the meat of sheep or goats?" He replied: "If you wish, perform ablution, and if you do not, then do not perform it." The man then asked: "Should I perform ablution after eating camel meat?" He replied: "Yes, perform ablution after eating camel meat." The man again asked: "May I pray in the sheepfolds?" He replied: 'Yes.' He then asked: "May I pray where camels sit?" He replied: 'No.'

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one who washes the dead should take a bath, and the one who carries him should perform ablution."

Mu‘āwiyah ibn Abu Sufyān (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Verily, the two eyes (when awake) are the string that ties up the anus, but when the two eyes sleep, the string is untied."

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fever is from the searing heat of Hell, so cool it off with water."

‘Awf ibn Mālik – or ibn al-Hārith – ibn at-Tufayl reported: ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) was told that ‘Abdullāh ibn Az-Zubayr, upon hearing that she was selling or giving something as a gift, said: "By Allah, if ‘Ā’ishah does not give this up, I will declare her incompetent to dispose of her wealth." She asked: "Did he say so?" They replied: ‘Yes.’ So she said: "I vow to Allah that I will never speak to Ibn Az-Zubayr." When this separation had lasted for a long time, Ibn Az-Zubayr sought to intercede with her, but she said: "By Allah, I will not accept the intercession of anyone for him and will not commit a sin by breaking my vow." As this state of affairs continued for long, Ibn Az-Zubayr was concerned and he approached Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah and ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn al-Aswad ibn ‘Abd Yaghūth and said to them: "I beseech you by Allah to help me to visit ‘Ā’ishah; it is unlawful for her to vow to sever ties with me." Al-Miswar and ‘Abdur-Rahmān took him to ‘Ā’ishah and asked for permission to enter her house, saying: "Peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you! May we come in?" She said: "Come in." They said: "All of us?" She said: "Yes, come in all of you," unaware that Ibn Az-Zubayr was with them. As they came in, Ibn Az-Zubayr entered the screened place and took hold of ‘Ā’ishah and was weeping and imploring her to forgive him. Al-Miswar and ‘Abdur-Rahmān also were begging her to speak to him and accept his apology. They said: "As you know, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade a Muslim from forsaking his fellow Muslim, and it is unlawful for a Muslim to do so for more than three days." As they continued to remind and press her, she began to weep and say: "I made a vow, and a vow is something grave." They persisted in their appeal until she talked to Ibn Az-Zubayr, and she freed forty slaves in expiation for her vow. Later, whenever she remembered this vow, she would weep profusely, wetting her veil.

‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: One day, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) went out and supplicated for the martyrs of the battle of Uhud eight years after (their death), as if he was bidding farewell to the living and the dead. He then ascended the pulpit and said: "I shall be the precursor before you; I am a witness for you (before Allah), your promised place to meet me will be the Cistern of Al-Kawthar; and I am (now) looking at it from this place of mine. I am not afraid that you will worship others besides Allah, but I am afraid that the worldly life will tempt you and cause you to compete with each other for it." That was my last sight of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). According to another narration: “…but I am afraid that you will compete over the worldly life, whereupon you will kill each other for it and perish as past nations did.” ‘Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with him) added: “This was the last time I saw the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on the pulpit.” According to a third narration, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I will be there ahead of you, and I will be your witness. By Allah, I can see my Cistern now. I am given the keys to the treasures of the earth, or the keys to the earth. By Allah, I do not fear that you will associate others with Allah after I am gone, but I fear that you will compete with one another for them (the treasures of the earth).”

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If anyone kills a gecko with the first strike will have such-and-such reward; and anyone kills it with the second strike will have such-and-such reward, lesser than the first; and anyone kills it with the third strike will have such-and-such reward, lesser than the second.” Another narration reads: “Anyone kills a gecko with the first strike will have one hundred good deeds recorded for him; and with the second strike lesser than that, and with the third strike lesser than that.”

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A man said: 'Indeed, I will give in charity.' So he took his charity out and placed it in a thief's hand. Next morning, people were saying: 'Charity was given to a thief.' The man said: 'O Allah, praise be to You. Indeed, I will give in charity!' So he took his charity out and placed it in a prostitute's hand. Next morning, they were saying: 'Charity was given to a prostitute last night.' So the man said: 'O Allah, praise be to You concerning the prostitute. Indeed, I will give in charity!' So he took his charity out and placed it in a rich man's hand. Next morning, they were saying: 'Charity was given to a rich man.' The man said: 'O Allah, praise be to You concerning the thief, the prostitute, and the rich man.' Then he was approached and told: 'As for your charity to a thief, he might refrain from theft. As for the prostitute, she might abstain from fornication. As for the rich man, he might take a lesson and spend from the wealth that Allah has given him.'"

Abu Ja‘far ‘Abdullāh ibn Ja‘far (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) made me ride behind him one day and confided something to me which I shall never disclose to anyone. What the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) liked most to screen himself from others while answering the call of nature was an elevation or a date-palm orchard. Once he entered an orchard belonging to an Ansāri man and found a camel therein. When it saw him, it began to groan and its eyes shed tears. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) approached it and patted it on the hump and behind its ears until it calmed down. Then, he asked: "Who is the owner of this camel? To whom does it belong?" An Ansāri youth stepped forward and said: "It is mine, O Messenger of Allah," He said: "Do you not fear Allah regarding this animal which Allah has placed in your possession? It is complaining to me that you starve it and put it to toil."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Whenever we stopped at a place (during a journey) for rest, we would not offer any (voluntary) prayer until we unloaded the luggage from the riding animals.

Abu al-Aswad reported: I came to Madīnah and sat with ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him). A funeral passed by and the deceased was lauded. ‘Umar said: 'Guaranteed.' Then another funeral passed by and the deceased was lauded, whereupon ‘Umar again said: 'Guaranteed.' Then a third funeral passed by and the deceased was dispraised, whereupon ‘Umar said: 'Guaranteed.' I asked: "O Leader of the Believers, what is guaranteed?" He said: "I said what the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Allah admits to Paradise any Muslim whose goodness is testified to by four people.' We said: 'What about three people?' He replied in the affirmative. We said: 'What about two?' He replied in the affirmative. Then we did not ask him about one person.

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, men have taken the biggest share of your company. So, kindly allocate a day to us to come to you so you would teach us from what Allah has taught you." He said: "Assemble on such-and-such day." They assembled and the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came to them and taught them from what Allah had taught him and he then said: "No woman among you loses three of her children to death except that they will screen her from Hellfire." A woman said: "What about two?" Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "And two."

‘Abdullāh ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that while offering the funeral prayer for one of his daughters, he recited four Takbīrs, and after the fourth Takbīr, he continued standing for a time equal to an interval between two Takbīrs, praying for her and seeking Allah's forgiveness for her." Then, he said: "The Messenger of Allah used to do so." In another narration: He recited four Takbīrs and remained standing in prayer for some time till we thought that he would recite the fifth Takbīr. Then, he made Taslīm to the right and to the left. When he turned aside, we asked him about it. He replied: "I would add nothing to what I saw the Messenger of Allah doing." Or he said: "The Messenger of Allah used to do so."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: They (the Companions) passed by a funeral procession and praised the deceased. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It has been affirmed." Then they passed by another funeral procession but dispraised the deceased, so the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It has been affirmed." ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "What has been affirmed?" He replied: "You praised this, so Paradise has been affirmed for him, and you dispraised this, so Hell has been affirmed for him. You are Allah's witnesses on earth."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent us out on an expedition and said: "If you find so-and-so and so-and-so", referring to two men from Quraysh whom he named, "then burn them with fire." Then, when we were set to go out, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I commanded you to burn so-and-so and so-and-so, but no one punishes with fire except Allah. So if you find them, kill them."

Ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were on a journey with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) when he went to relieve himself. We then saw a Hummarah (a type of bird) with its two chicks. We took its chicks, and the bird came back and began to flap its wings. Upon seeing it, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came and said: "Who has distressed it by taking its baby? Return its baby." He then saw an ant colony that we had burned, and he said: "Who burned this?" We said: We did. He said: "No one should punish with fire except the Lord of fire."

Abu ‘Ali Suwayd ibn Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was one of seven sons of Muqarrin, and we had only one female servant. The youngest of us slapped her in the face, so the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us to set her free. Another narration reads: "I was one of seven siblings."

Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The sanctity of the wives of the Mujāhids for those who stay behind is like the sanctity of their own mothers. Any man, of those who stay behind, who looks after the family of a Mujāhid and betrays his trust will be made to stand on the Day of Judgment before the Mujāhid who will take away from his good deeds as much as he likes until he is satisfied." Then, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) turned to us and asked: "So what do you think (will he leave anything)?”