Jurisprudence and Juristic Principles

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he used to say takbīr in every obligatory and supererogatory prayer during Ramadan and others. He would say takbīr when he rose and say takbīr when he bowed. Then, he would say: "Sami'a allāhu liman hamidah" (Allah hears he who praises Him). Then, he would say, "Rabbanā wa laka al-hamd" (Our Lord, praise be to You) before prostrating. Then, he would say: "Allāhu akbar" (Allah is the Greatest) as he went down to prostration. Then, he would say takbīr upon raising his head from prostration, then say takbīr upon prostrating, and then say takbīr upon raising his head from prostration. Then, he would say takbīr upon rising from the sitting position both times. He would do so in every Rak'ah until he finished the prayer. Then, he would say as he left: "By the One in Whose Hand my soul is, I am the closest among you to the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Such was his prayer until he departed this world."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The worst of thieves among people is the one who steals his prayer." He said: "How does he steal his prayer?" He said: "He does not perform its Rukū‘ or prostration perfectly."

Ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) raised his back from Rukū‘ (bowing), he would say: "Sami‘a allāhu liman hamidah, allāhumma rabbana laka al-hamd mil’a as-samawāt wa mil’a al-ard wa mil’a ma shi’ta min shay’in ba‘d" (Allah hears he who praises Him. O Allah, our Lord, to You is the praise as much as fills the heavens, as much as fills the earth, and as much as fills whatever You will thereafter).

Warrād, the scribe of Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah, related: Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah dictated to me in a letter to Mu‘āwiyah: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to say after every obligatory prayer: "Lā ilāh illa Allah, wahdahu lā sharīka lah, lahu al-mulku wa lahu al-hamdu wa huwa ‘ala koll shay’in qadīr, allahumma lā māni‘a lima a‘tayt wa lā mu‘tiya lima mana‘ta wa la banfa‘u dha al-jaddi minka al-jadd" (There is no god but Allah, alone, with no partner with Him. To Him belongs the dominion and to Him praise is due, and He is Able to do all things. O Allah, none can withhold what You give and none can give what You withhold, and riches cannot avail a wealthy person against You).

Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to say between the two prostrations: "Rabbi ighfir li, rabbi ighfir li" (My Lord, forgive me; my Lord, forgive me).

Safīnah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to perform Ghusl (ritual bath) from Janābah (major ritual impurity) using one Sā‘ of water, and he would perform Wudū’ (ablution) with one Mudd.

Ibrāhīm an-Nakha‘i reported that Hammām ibn al-Hārith said: Jarīr once urinated, then performed ablution and wiped over his leather socks. Someone said to him: Are you really doing this? He replied: Yes. I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) urinate, then perform ablution and wipe over his leather socks. Al-A‘mash said: Ibrāhīm remarked: They liked this Hadīth because Jarir embraced Islam after the revelation of Surat al-Mā’idah.

Jābir ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (ﷺ), when he performed the Fajr prayer, would remain seated in his prayer place until the sun rose brightly. He said: He would not leave the spot where he prayed Fajr or the Morning prayer until the sun had risen. When the sun rose, he would stand up. During that time, the people would talk about matters from the pre-Islamic days of ignorance; they would laugh and he would smile.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Do not prevent the female servants of Allah from (going to) the mosques of Allah, but let them go out without perfume and unadorned."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When any of you enters the mosque, let him send peace upon the Prophet and say: Allāhumma iftahli abwāba rahmatik (O Allah, open for me the gates of Your mercy). And when he leaves, let him send peace upon the Prophet and say: Allāhumma i‘simni min ash-shaytān ar-rajīm (O Allah, protect me from the accursed devil)." In another narration by Al-Hākim: "When he leaves, let him send peace upon the Prophet (ﷺ) and say: Allāhumma ajirni min ash-shaytān ar-rajīm (O Allah, save me from the accursed devil)."

Sa‘d (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I used to see the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) making Taslīm (salutation of peace ending the prayer) to his right and to his left, until I could see the whiteness of his cheek.

‘Abdullah ibn ‘Anamah reported: I saw ‘Ammār ibn Yāsir enter the mosque and perform the prayer, and he performed it briefly. When he came out, I went to him and said: O Abu al-Yaqzhān, you performed the prayer briefly. He replied: Did you see me leave out any of its required parts or limits? I said: No. He said: Verily, I hastened in it to ward off the distraction of the devil. I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: "Indeed, a servant may pray a prayer, but nothing of it is recorded for him except a tenth of it, or a ninth, or an eighth, or a seventh, or a sixth, or a fifth, or a quarter, or a third, or a half."

‘Abdullāh ibn Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is a prayer between every two Adhāns; there is a prayer between every two Adhāns." The third time, he said: "for whoever wills."

Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Remind those of you who are dying of: La ilāha illallāh (There is no god but Allah)."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three things: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a pious child who supplicates for him."

Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubādah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he said: "O Messenger of Allah, ’Umm Sa‘d died. Which charity is the best?" He said: 'Water.' He said: So, he dug a well and said: "This is for ’Umm Sa‘d."

‘Ubaydullah ibn ‘Adiyy ibn al-Khiyār reported: Two men informed me that they came to the Prophet (ﷺ) during the Farewell Pilgrimage while he was distributing charity. They asked him for some of it. He raised his gaze and lowered it, observing that we were two strong men. He said: "If you wish, I will give you, but there is no share in it for the rich, nor for the strong and capable of earning."

‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Perform Hajj and ‘Umrah in succession, for they expel poverty and sins just as the bellows expels impurities from iron, gold, and silver. There is no reward for an accepted Hajj except Paradise."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Were people to know what is in the call and the first row and then they could do nothing but to draw lots for it, they would draw lots. Were they to know what is in performing the prayer early, they would race to it. Were they to know what is in the darkness and the morning, they would come to them even if they had to crawl."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Complete the front row first, then the one following it. If there is any deficiency (in the rows), let it be in the last row."