Jurisprudence and Juristic Principles

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "When the Iqāmah (second call ) for prayer is pronounced, no prayer is to be offered but the obligatory one."

‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar and Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that they heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) speak on his wooden pulpit and say: "Either some people stop abandoning the Friday prayers, or Allah will, indeed, seal their hearts, and then they will be among the heedless."

Abu al-Ja‘d ad-Damri (may Allah be pleased with him), who had a companionship with the Prophet, reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever abandons three Fridays out of negligence, Allah seals his heart."

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) never fought any people until he had first invited them (to Islam).

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, the dearest of your names to Allah is ‘Abdullah and ‘Abdur-Rahmān."

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whatever intoxicates in large amounts, its small amount is forbidden."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A time limit was set for us regarding trimming the mustache, clipping the nails, plucking the armpit hair, and shaving the pubic hair—that we should not leave them for more than forty nights.

‘Amr ibn ‘Abasah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'In the pre-Islamic time of ignorance, I used to think that people were misguided. They were not on a right path, as they worshipped idols. Then I heard of a man in Makkah who was telling news. So I mounted my camel and went to him. It was the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). He was hiding, since his own people were aggressive toward him. So I acted gently until I entered upon him. I said to him, "Who are you?" He said: "I am a Prophet." I said: "What is a Prophet?" He said: "Allah has sent me.'' I said: "With what has He sent you?" He said: "He sent me with [a message] of maintaining kinship ties, breaking the idols, and upholding the oneness of Allah without associating anything with him." I said: "Who is with you on that?" He said: "A free man and a slave man.'' (At that time only Abu Bakr and Bilāl (may Allah be pleased with both of them) were with him. I said: "I shall follow you.'' He said: "You cannot do that today. Do you not see my situation and that of the people? However, go back to your people, and when you hear that I have succeeded in my mission, come to me.'' So I went to my people. Later, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) went to Madīnah. It was until some of my people went to Madīnah., that I said: "What happened to this man who came to Madīnah?" They said: "People are hastening to him. His own people wanted to kill him, but they could not." So I went to Madīnah and entered upon him and said: "O Messenger of Allah, do you recognize me?" He said: "Yes, you are the one who met me in Makkah." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, tell me about what Allah has taught you, which I am unaware of. Tell me about prayer." He said: "Perform the morning prayer. Then do not pray until the sun has risen up to the height of a lance, for when it rises, it rises between two horns of a devil. It is when the unbelievers prostrate themselves to it. Then pray, for prayer is witnessed and attended, until the shadow of the lance shrinks. Then do not pray, for at that time Hell is fired up. Then pray when the shadow becomes longer, for the prayer is witnessed and attended, until you perform ‘Asr. Then do not pray until the sun sets, for it sets between two horns of a devil. It is when the unbelievers prostrate themselves to it." I further said: ''O Prophet, tell me about ablution.'' He said: "When anyone of you approaches his ablution water, and rinses his mouth and nose, the sins of his face fall with water from the edges of his beard. Then when he washes his hands up to elbows, the sins of his hands fall with water from his fingertips. Then when he wipes over his head, the sins of his head fall with water from the ends of his hair. Then when he washes his feet up to the ankles, the sins of his feet fall with water from his toes. Then, when he stands up for prayer, praises Allah, the Almighty,, extols Him, glorifies Him as He deserves, and empties his heart for Allah, the Almighty, he becomes free from his sins as he was on the day his mother gave birth to him.'' ‘Amr ibn ‘Abasah narrated this Hadīth to Abu Umāmah, a companion of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Abu Umāmah, therefore, said to him: "O ‘Amr ibn ‘Abasah, think about what you are saying. Will a man be getting all of this on one occasion?" ‘Amr said: "O Abu Umāmah, I am old in age, weak in bones, and close to death. I do not need to tell lies about Allah and His Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). Had I not heard this from the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) only once, twice, thrice (he counted up to seven times), I would have not reported it. However, I heard it more than that.''

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: One of the sons of Abu Talha was ailing. Abu Talha went out and the boy died in his absence. When he came back, he inquired: "How is the boy?" Umm Sulaym, the boy’s mother, replied: "He could not be more tranquil than he is now." She served him supper, and he ate it and then they had sexual intercourse. Afterwards, she said to him: "Arrange for the burial of the boy." In the morning, Abu Talha went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of what had happened. He asked: "Did you sleep together last night?" Abu Talha said: ‘Yes.’ So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated: "O Allah, bless them." Later, she gave birth to a baby boy. Abu Talha said to me: "Pick up the boy and take him to the Prophet." He sent some dates with him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is there anything with him?" He said: "Yes, some dates." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took a date, chewed it, and put it in the mouth of the baby, rubbing the chewed date around the baby's gum. He named him ‘Abdullāh. In another version: Ibn ‘Uyaynah reported: “A man from the Ansār said: ‘I saw nine sons (of this boy), all of whom were reciters of the Qur’an.’” Another version reads: “Abu Talha’s son from Umm Sulaym died. She asked family members not to tell Abu Talha about his son, as she would inform him herself. Abu Talha came home and she gave him supper. He ate and drank. She then beautified herself in the best way she had ever done, and he slept with her. Noticing that he was gratified, she said: ‘O Abu Talha. If some people borrow something from another family and then the lenders ask for their item, would they refuse to give it back to them?’ He said: ‘No.’ She said: ‘Then, seek divine reward for the loss of your son.’ Abu Talha got angry and said: ‘You did not tell me this until I stained myself (with sexual intercourse), and now you tell me about my son!’ He went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and told him about the matter, and he said: ‘May Allah bless the night you spent together!’ And she conceived a child. One day the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey and she was with him. Whenever he came back from a journey to Madīnah, he would not enter it at night. As they approached Madīnah, she felt labor pains. Abu Talha remained with her and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) carried on. Abu Talha said: ‘O Lord, You know that I love to go out with the Messenger of Allah when he goes out and enter with him when he enters, and I have been detained as You see.’ Umm Sulaym said: ‘O Abu Talha, I do not feel as much pain as I was feeling earlier, so we had better move on.’ We carried on and she felt the birth pangs as they reached Madīnah and gave birth to a baby boy. My mother said to me: ‘O Anas, no one should suckle him until you take him to the Messenger of Allah in the early morning. Next morning, I carried the baby to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him… and he narrated the rest of the story.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Allah Almighty said: There are three I will be hostile to them on the Day of Judgment: a man who gave a promise in My Name and then broke it; a man who sold a free person as a slave and devoured his price; and a man who hired a worker and took the full work from him, but did not pay him his wages."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Give gifts to one another; you will love one another."

’Umaymah bint Ruqayqah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) along with a group of women from the Ansār to pledge allegiance to him. We said: O Messenger of Allah, we pledge allegiance to you that we will not associate anything with Allah, we will not steal, we will not commit adultery, we will not bring forth any falsehood that we fabricate between our hands and feet, and we will not disobey you in what is right. He said: "As much as you are able and can bear." She said: We said: Allah and His Messenger are more merciful to us. Come, let us pledge allegiance to you, O Messenger of Allah. But the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, I do not shake hands with women. My statement to a hundred women is like my statement to one woman, or similar to my statement to one woman."

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A believer will remain in the spaciousness of his religion as long as he does not shed inviolable blood."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever throws himself from a mountain and kills himself will be in Hellfire, falling down into it and abiding therein eternally forever; whoever drinks poison and kills himself will be carrying his poison in his hand and drinking it in Hellfire, wherein he will abide eternally forever; and whoever kills himself with a piece of iron will be carrying his piece of iron in his hand and stabbing his abdomen with it in Hellfire wherein he will abide eternally forever."

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Some people from ‘Ukl or ‘Uraynah came, and the climate of Madīnah did not suit them, so they became ill. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them with the milch camels and drink from their urine and milk. They left, and when they recovered, they killed the herdsman of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and drove off the camels. The news came early in the day, so he sent people in pursuit of them. When the sun had risen, they were brought back. He ordered that their hands and feet be cut off and their eyes be branded, and they were thrown into Al-Harrah, where they begged for water but were not given any. Abu Qilābah said: They stole, killed, disbelieved after embracing faith, and waged war against Allah and his Messenger.

‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever commits a Hadd (legally punishable sin) and his punishment is hastened for him in this world, then Allah is too just to repeat the punishment for His slave in the Hereafter. And whoever commits a Hadd but Allah concealed it for him and pardoned him, Allah is too generous to retract something He has pardoned."

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man at the time of the Prophet (ﷺ), whose name was ‘Abdullah and who was nicknamed Himār, used to make the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) laugh. The Prophet (ﷺ) had flogged him for drinking (intoxicants). One day, he was brought again, and the Prophet (ﷺ) ordered that he be flogged. Then a man from among the people said: O Allah, curse him! How often is he brought? The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not curse him, for by Allah, I know that he loves Allah and His Messenger."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There are seven whom Allah Almighty will shade in His Shade on a Day when there will be no shade but His Shade: a just ruler; a young man who grew up in the worship of Allah; a man whose heart is attached to mosques; two men who love each other for the sake of Allah so they meet and depart from each other for His sake; a man whom a woman of status and beauty invites, but he says: Indeed, I fear Allah; a man who gives charity and conceals it, so his left does not know what his right gave; and a man who remembers Allah in solitude, so his eyes overflow with tears."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "None of you should point a weapon at his brother, for he does not know; perhaps the devil causes his hand to slip, and then he falls into a pit of the Fire."

Abu ad-Dardā’ (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Shall I not tell you of something better in degree than fasting, prayer, and charity?" They said: Yes. He said: "Reconciling between people, for discord among them is the shaver."